The creation of Fiqh

^nJvlv cq]s¸«Xv

kXyhnizmknbpsS ssZ\w Zn\ Bcm[\mIÀa§fpw PohnX coXnIfpw kw_Ôn¨v hyàhpw ka{Khpambn NÀ¨ sN¿p¶ sshÚm\nI imJbmWv IÀaimkv{Xw(^nJvlv). ASnØm\ ]cambn Bcm[\IÄ, CS]mSpIÄ, sshhmlnIw, IpäIrXy§Ä F¶o \mep `mK§fnembn hn`Pn¡s¸« `cWLS\IqSnbmWnXv. hyànPohnX¯nsebpw kmaqlnI PohnX¯nsebpw _m²yXIfpw AhImi§fpw khnkvXcw {]Xn]mZn¡p¶ IÀ½imkv{Xw a\pjy PohnX¯n\mhiyamb kÀÆ taJeIfpw NÀ¨ sN¿p¶p.
^nJvlv F¶Xv Hcp KthjW hnibhpw imkv{X imJbpambn ]cnKWn¡s¸Spwt¼mÄ AXnsâ DÂ`hhpw hnImkhpw Ft¸mÄ F§ns\ F¶v hniZoIcn¡pIbmWnhnsS.
\_n(kz)bpsS Ime¯v Xs¶ DÛhn¨v k¼qÀWamb IÀaimkv{Xw Ime{ItaW Hcp Iebmbn hnIkn¡pIbpw t{ImUoIrXamhpIbpw sNbvXp. ^nJvlnsâhnIk\w {][m\ambpw A©v L«§fnembmWpÅXv:
L«w 1) apl½Zv \_n(kz)¡v AÃmlphn \n¶v DXvt_m[\w e`n¨Xv apX CltemI hmkw shSnbp¶Xv hsc bpÅ 23 hÀj§fmWv ^nJvlnsâ BZyL«w. \_n X§Ä Xs¶bmbcp¶p Cu Imes¯ {][m\ Ahew_w. aq¶v hnt[\bmWv Cu L«¯n \nba§Ä cq]s¸«Xv:
F) AÃmlphn \n¶pÅ DXvt_m[\¯nepsS {]iv\§Ä¡v adp]Sn \ÂIp¶p.
_n) A\pNc·mcpambn IqSnbmtemNn¨v adp]Sn \ÂIp¶p. H¶pIn hlvbv CXns\ icnsh¡pItbm Aæn Xncp¯pItbm sN¿pw.
kn) DÂt_m[\tam IqSnbmtemN\tbm CÃmsX¯s¶ \_n(kz) t\cn«v KthjWw sNbvXv hn[n ]dbp¶p.
\_n(kz) Xs¶bmWv Cu Imes¯ aXhn[nIfpsS t{kmXsʦnepw CkvemanI \b§Ä¡\pIqeambn ^Xvh \ÂIp¶ kzlm_namcpapWvSmbncp¶p. {]hmNIÀ CXv AdnbmdpapWvSmbncp¶p.
L«w 2) \_n(kz)bpsS h^m¯n\p tijw CkvemanI km{amPyw IqSpX hnimeamIpIbpw ]pXnb kw`h hnImk§Ä DSseSp¡pIbpw sNbvXp. Cu Ime¯v ]pXnb {]iv\§fpsS hn[nIfdnbm³ P\§Ä B{ibn¨ncp¶Xv Pohn¨ncn¡p¶ {]apJ kzlm_namscbmbncp¶p.
Cu ImeL«¯nsâ BZy `mK¯mWv JpÀB\pw kp¶¯n\pw ]pdsa CkvemanI hn[nIÄ IWvsS¯m³ CPvamAv Fs¶mcp ASnØm\w IqSn \nehn hcp¶Xv. AXv sImWvSv Xs¶ ]pXnb {]iv\§Ä DbÀ¶p hcpt¼mÄ Jeo^amÀ BZyambn JpÀB\pw lZokpw ]cntim[n¡pIbpw Ahbn Csæn \_n(kz)bpambn IqSpX _ÔapÅ kzlm_namsc hnfn¨p hcp¯n Ahcpambn NÀ¨ sNbvXp hn[nIÄ {]Jym]n¡pIbpambncp¶p.
kzlm_nIfpsS Ahkm\ Imeambt¸mtg¡pw CkvemanI km{amPy¯nsâ \S]Sn{Ia§fn A\d_nIfpw ]ctZinIfpw CSs]«p XpS§nbncp¶p. Nne ZpjvS _p²nIÄ A\nkvemanIamb ]eXpw CkvemanI Imcy§fn IS¯n¡q«m³ {ian¡pIbpw sNbvXp. AtXmsS lZokpw JpÀB\pw hnIeambn hymJym\n¡s¸Sm\pw kztbjvSw ^XvhIÄ \ÂIm\pw XpS§n. CkvemanI {]amW§fn kXymkXy§Ä Xncn¨dnbm³ P\§Ä ]mSps]«p. F¶mepw Jeo^amÀ Hmtcm kwØm\§Ä¡pw \nÝbn¨p \ÂInbncp¶ JmZnamÀ Imcy§Ä `wKnbmbn \nÀhln¨p t]m¶p.
L«w 3) CkvemanI km{amPyw hnIkn¡p¶Xn\\pkcn¨v ]pXnb {]iv\§Ä DbÀ¶v hcnIbpw Ah¡p hn[nIÄ IWvsSt¯WvSn hcnIbpw sNbvXp. AXpsImWvSv Xs¶ ]ecpw JpÀB\nepw kp¶¯nepw KthjWw \S¯n hn[nIÄ IWvsS¯n¯pS§n. KthjIÀ¡\pkcn¨v hyXykvX A]n{]mb§fpw IWvsS¯epIfpw h¶pXpS§n. cmjv{S¯nsâ hnhn[ `mK§fnembn ]e ]ÞnXcpw P\§Ä¡v Zo\o hnZym`ymkw \ÂIns¡mWvSncp¶p. ]eÀ¡pw lZokpw JpÀB\pw hymJym\n¡p¶Xn hyXykvX ImgvN¸mSpIfmbncp¶p. C¡me¯v {][m\ambpw cWvSv sshÚm\nI tI{µ§fn \n¶mbncp¶p apkvenwIÄ ^nJvlv ]Tn¨ncp¶Xv. lnPmkpw CdmJpw.
1. Alvep lZokv (lnPmkv)
2. Alvep dAvbv (CdmJv)
Alvep lZokv, JpÀB\nepw kp¶¯nepw h¶ hn[nhne¡pIÄ Ahew_n¡p¶tXmsSm¸w lnPmknse P\§fpsS \m«p\S¸v IqSn Ahew_ambn IWvSncp¶p. lnPmknse \m«p\S¸pIÄ \_n(kz)bn \n¶v ioe¨XmsW¶Xn\membncp¶p CXv. A_vZpÃmln_v\p DaÀ(d), A_vZpÃmln_v\p Aºmkv(d), A_vZpÃmln_v\p Awdv _v\p Bkzv(d) XpS§nbhcmbncp¶p Alvep lZoknse {]apJÀ.
AlvepÀdAvbv JpÀB\pw lZokn\psam¸w Ch cWvSnepw h¶n«pÅ hn[nIfpsS \·IfpsS ImcW§fpw IWvsS¯pIbpw Ah¡\pkcn¨v IÀ½ imkv{Xs¯ apt¶m«v \bn¡m³ {ian¡pIbpw sNbvXp. CkvemanI tI{µ§fmb a¡bn \n¶pw aZo\bn \n¶pw hnZqcambncp¶Xn\mepw {]_eamb lZokpIÄ Ipdhmbncp¶Xn\mepamWv ChÀ JpÀB\pw lZokn\pw ]pdsa Nn´¡p IqSn {]m[m\yw \ÂInbncp¶Xv. Nn´¡v {]m[m\yw \ÂIpI F¶Xv sImWvSv hnh£n¡p¶Xv JpÀBt\mSpw kp¶¯nt\mSpw ]qÀWambn tbmPn¡p¶ coXnbn JnbmkneqsSbpw Ckvemanse s]mXp \nba§Ä Ahew_n¨pamWv hn[nIÄ IWvsS¯nbncp¶sX¶mWv. A_vZpÃmln_v\p akvDuZv(d) Bbncp¶p Cu Nn´m[mcbnse {]apJ³. At±l¯n\p tijw AÂJa¯p¶JvCubpw ]n¶oSv C_vdmloap¶JvCubpamWv Cu {]Øm\s¯ apt¶m«v \bn¨Xv. ]n¶oSv _lpam\s¸« A_q l\o^(d) BWv CXnsâ t\Xr¯w GsäSp¯Xv.
ChÀ JpÀB\nepw lZoknepw h¶ hn[nIfpsS AÀ° Xe§fpw ImcW§fpw hniIe\w sN¿pIbpw IWvsS¯p¶ hn[nIfn \·¡v {]tXyI {]m[m\yw \ÂIpIbpw sNbvXp. {]_eamb lZokpIÄ IpdbpIbpw \_n(kz)bpsSbpw klm_nIfpsSbpw Ime¯n \n¶pw hnXykvXambn ]pXnb kw`h hnImk§Ä ]pXpXmbn DSseSp¯XpamWv ChÀ Cu amÀKw kzoIcn¡m³ ImcWw.
L«w 4). lnPvd H¶mw \qämWvSnsâ Ahkm\t¯sSbmWv ^nJvlnsâ hnImk¯nsâ \memw L«w Bcw`n¡p¶Xv. ap³Ime§fn \n¶pw hyXykvXambn Cu Ime¯v lZokpIfpw kzlm_nIfpsS hN\§fpw t{ImUoIcn¨XmWv Cu L«¯nsâ khntijX. Aaho Jeo^bmbncp¶ Dadp_v\p A_vZp Akokv(d) BWv CXn\v ap³ssIsbSps¯Xv.
C¡me¯v ]e ]ÞnX·mcpw ]e tI{µ§fnembn P\§sf akvAeIÄ ]Tn¸n¨p sImWvSnc¶p. AXXp tI{µ§fnse s]mXp P\§Ä Ahew_n¨ncp¶Xpw C¯cw ]ÞnXscbmbncp¶p. F¶m Hmtcm ]ÞnXsâbpw ho£W sshPmXy§Ä¡\pkcn¨v hn[nIfnepw hyXymk§Ä DWvSmbncp¶p. Cu AhØ apt¶m«v t]mbm Ckvemw hnIeambnt¸mIpsa¶v a\Ênem¡nb ]ÞnX³amÀ, CkvemanI BNmcm\pjvSm\§fpambn _Ôs¸« hnjb§fn hn[nbt\zjn¡pt¼mÄ JpÀB\pw kp¶¯pambn F§ns\ s]cpamdWsa¶pw C¯cw hnjb§fn Ahew_n¡mhp¶ aäp {]amW§Ä GsXms¡bmsW¶Xn\papÅ hyhØIÄ sh¨p. NneÀ AhÀ KthjWw aptJ\ IWvsS¯p¶ \nba§Ä FgpXn sh¡m³ XpS§n. Ime{ItaW C¯cw hyhØIÄ¡v tbmPn¨v \nba§Ä ]WnX ]ÞnXcpsS ^XvhIÄ s]mXpP\§fpw aäp ]ÞnXcpw Ahew_n¡m³ XpS§n. AtXmsSm¸w A]qÀWhpw hyhØm]nXaÃm¯Xpamb ^XvhIÄ ImelcWs¸SpIbpw sNbvXp.
L«w 5). Aaho `cWIqS¯nsâ Ahkm\t¯msS ^nJvlnsâ hnImk¯nsâ A©mw L«w Bcw`n¡p¶p. lnPvd \memw \qämWvSnsâ Ahkm\w hsc \ofp¶ Cu L«¯nemWv \mev aZvl_pIfpsS CamapamcS¡w ^nJvlns\ ka{K hnÚm\ imJbm¡n t{ImUoIcn¨ ]ÞnX³amÀ Pohn¨Xv. CPvXnlmZnsâ kphÀW Imeambn«mWv CXv Adnbs¸Sp¶Xv. 13Hmfw tbmKycmb apPvXlnZpIÄ Cu Imebfhn DWvSmbncp¶p. ChcpsS aZvl_pIÄ t{ImUnIcn¡s¸SpIbpw ]n´pScs¸SpIbpw sNbvXncps¶¦nepw Chbn an¡Xpw Ime{ItaW A\pbmbnIfnÃmsX hcnIbpw A{]Xy£amIpIbpw sNbvXp. Cu ImeL«¯n t{ImUoIcn¡s¸«Xpw hyhØm]nXhpw IÀaimkv{X¯nsâ ASnØm\§Ä¡\pkrXhpamb 4 aZvl_pIÄ ]nSn¨p \n¶p. ]n¶oSv h¶ apgph³ ]ÞnXcpw ChbntesX¦nepsamcp aZvl_\pkcn¨v Pohn¡pIbmWv sNbvXXv.